Iindaba - Ukuthobela i-LFGB kunye ne-FDA kwizixhobo zasekhitshini zokhuni: Imida yokuFuduka kweFormaldehyde, Uvavanyo lokuFuduka kokuCoating, kunye noLuhlu lokuHlola amaxwebhu

I-LFGB kunye ne-FDA zezona zikhokelo zimbini ziphambili ezilawula izixhobo zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi kwiimarike zaseYurophu nase-US.
Ukufuduka kwe-formaldehyde kwiibhodi zokusika zomthi akufuneki kudlule i-15 mg/kg phantsi kwemigangatho yovavanyo lwe-EU.
Uvavanyo lokufuduka olusebenzisa i-coating lulinganisa ukufuduka ngokubanzi (umda we-10 mg/dm2 EU) kunye nokufuduka kwezinto ezithile.
Abangenisi bafuna amaxwebhu asixhenxe angundoqo: amaphepha edatha yokhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo, iingxelo zovavanyo, i-DoC, isatifikethi se-FSC, uphicotho lwe-GMP, iinkcukacha, kunye neengxelo zeziyobisi ezithintelweyo.
Ukuhlaziywa kovavanyo lonyaka kuyacetyiswa nokuba akukho tshintsho lwemveliso ukuze kuhlale kusemgangathweni ngokwemigaqo etshintshayo.
Isatifikethi se-FSC siyaxhasa kodwa asithathi indawo yovavanyo lokuthobela unxibelelwano lokutya.

Isiqulatho

Imeko Elawulayo Yezinto Zokuphekela Zomthi

Sinceda abathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba basebenzise izixhobo zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi neze-bamboo ukuya kwi-EU okanye e-United States, kufuneka balandele imigaqo yokunxibelelana kokutya eyahlukileyo kwiimarike. Kubathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe abavela kwisiseko sethu sokuvelisa, ukuqonda ezi mfuno sisiseko sesicwangciso sokungenisa esisebenzayo. Ukufunyanwa kokungathobeli umthetho kunokubangela ukurhoxiswa kunye nomonakalo ohlala ixesha elide.

Sisebenzisa iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ezilawula izixhobo zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi: i-LFGB kunye ne-EU Regulation 1935/2004 eYurophu, kunye nemigaqo ye-FDA phantsi kwe-21 CFR e-United States. Nangona zombini ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokunxibelelana nokutya azidluliseli izinto eziyingozi, zahlukile kwiindlela zokuvavanya, imida, kunye nokunyanzeliswa.isiqinisekiso sezixhobo zasekhitshini ezikhuselekileyo ekutyeniInkqubo yokudibana zombini ngaxeshanye.

Inqaku lethu ligubungela imida yokufuduka kwe-formaldehyde, iimvavanyo zokufuduka kokugquma, kunye noluhlu lokuhlola amaxwebhu lwabangenisi.

Ibhodi yokunqunqa i-bamboo ikhuselekile ekutyeni kwaye iqinisekiswe ukuba iyahambelana ne-LFGB kunye ne-FDA

Ibhodi yokunqunqa yebhambo yenziwe ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno ze-LFGB kunye ne-FDA zezinto zokudibanisa ukutya.

Isakhelo se-LFGB: Umgangatho weGolide waseJamani woNxibelelwano lokutya

I-LFGB (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch) yiKhowudi yethu yokutya nokuTya yaseJamani. Ibe ngumgangatho we-EU kuba iJamani yeyona marike inkulu yabathengi kwaye iimfuno ze-LFGB zingqongqo kunesiseko se-EU ngokubanzi. Iimveliso ezidlula kuvavanyo lwe-LFGB zinokuthengiswa kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU.

Iqela lethu liqinisekisa ukuba yonke ibhetshi iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yethu ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe.

Umda wokuFuduka ngokubanzi

Isiseko sovavanyo loqhagamshelwano lokutya lwe-LFGB ngumda wethu wokufuduka, oquka inani lilonke lezinto ezinokufuduka zisuka kwizinto zoqhagamshelwano lokutya ziye kwiisimulants zokutya okanye zokutya kwi-10 mg/dm2. Lo mda usebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo zonxibelelwano lokutya nokuba zinjani na, kuquka umthi, uqalo, iplastiki, isinyithi, kunye neeseramikhi. Kwizinto zasekhitshini zomthi, uvavanyo lokufuduka luqhutywa kusetyenziswa iisimulants zokutya ezichazwe kwiUmmiselo we-EU 1935/2004, kuquka amanzi acociweyo, isisombululo se-acetic acid esingu-3%, isisombululo se-ethanol esingu-10%, kunye neoyile yomnquma, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo zokutya eziza kudibana nemveliso.

Senza uvavanyo lweemvakalelo kwiziko lethu ngaphambi kokuba sithumele kwamanye amazwe.

Uvavanyo lweemvakalelo

Inkalo eyahlukileyo yovavanyo lwe-LFGB yimfuneko yovavanyo lweemvakalelo, evavanya ukuba imveliso inika naliphi na ivumba okanye incasa engaqhelekanga ekutyeni. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwizixhobo zasekhitshini zomthi, njengoko umthi wendalo kunye ne-bamboo zinokukhupha iikhompawundi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ezichaphazela iimpawu zeemvakalelo zokutya. Iimveliso eziphumelela uvavanyo lokufuduka kweekhemikhali kodwa zingaphumeleli uvavanyo lweemvakalelo azinakufumana isiqinisekiso se-LFGB. Inkqubo yethu yokuvelisa ibandakanya inqanaba lokulawula ukomisa kunye nokunyanga elinciphisa iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo eziseleyo kwimveliso yethu.Iimveliso ze-bamboo eziqinisekiswe yi-FSC, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweemvakalelo kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zethu.

Iimfuneko ze-FDA: Izaziso zoQhagamshelwano lwe-21 CFR kunye noKutya

E-US, izixhobo zokunxibelelana kokutya zilawulwa phantsi koMthetho we-Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, kunye nemigaqo ethile kwiIinxalenye ze-CFR ezingama-21 ukusuka kwi-175 ukuya kwi-178Ngokungafaniyo nomda wokufuduka we-EU ngokubanzi, i-FDA ivavanya izinto ngokwemeko, iqwalasela izinto ezikhoyo, iintlobo zokutya, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa.

Iqela lethu lokuthobela imithetho lilandela iimfuno ze-FDA kwiimveliso zethu.

21 CFR 175.300: Iingubo zeResinous kunye nePolymeric

Kwizitya zethu zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi ezineengubo, i-21 CFR 175.300 imisela imida yokukhupha izinto kwiintlobo zokutya. Iingubo zethu ezisekelwe emanzini kwiimveliso zethu ziyahlangabezana nale mida kuzo zonke iindidi zokutya.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonwa njengeSimo esiKhuselekileyo (i-GRAS)

Umthi kunye ne-bamboo kwimeko yazo yendalo ngokubanzi zibonwa njengezikhuselekileyo ekudibaneni nokutya kwaye azidingi mvume ithile ye-FDA ngaphambi kokuba ithengiswe. Nangona kunjalo, le meko ye-GRAS isebenza kuphela kwizinto zethu eziluhlaza. Nje ukuba kusetyenziswe izinto zokuncamathelisa, ii-coating, i-finishes, okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango, imveliso yethu egqityiweyo kufuneka ihlolwe ukuba iyahambelana na nemigaqo yethu esebenzayo ye-21 CFR.Izithako zokutya kunye nokupakishwa kwe-FDAIcandelo libonelela ngamaxwebhu esikhokelo anceda abathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bamisele ukuba yeyiphi imigaqo esebenza kwiimveliso zabo ezithile. Abathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe abathumela imveliso kwimarike yase-US kufuneka bacele iingxelo zovavanyo kwiilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo ezijongana ngqo neemfuno ze-21 CFR ezisebenza kulwakhiwo lwezinto zemveliso yabo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okucetywayo.

Imida yokuFuduka kweFormaldehyde: Amanani abalulekileyo

I-Formaldehyde ijongwa ngokusondeleyo ekuthobeleni izitya zasekhitshini zomthi kuba inokubakho kwiiglu, kwiingubo, nanjengekhompawundi eyenzeka ngokwendalo kwezinye iintlobo zemithi. Abalawuli be-EU kunye ne-US bamisele imida engqongqo yokufuduka.

Isakhelo soLawulo	Umda wokuFuduka kweFormaldehyde	Umgangatho woVavanyo	Isilinganisi sokutya
Ummiselo we-EU 1935/2004	Isilinganiselo sokutya se-15 mg/kg	Uthotho lwe-EN 1186	Amanzi, i-3% ye-acetic acid
I-LFGB yaseJamani (BfR)	15 mg/kg (ezinye iindidi zingaphantsi)	I-DIN EN 1186 / LMBG B 82.10	Amanzi, i-3% ye-acetic acid
I-FDA 21 CFR	Uvavanyo lwetyala ngalinye	Iiprotokholi ze-ASTM / FDA	Iyahluka ngohlobo lokutya
I-China GB 4806	15 mg/kg (ye-bamboo/yomthi)	GB 31604.48	i-acetic acid eyi-4%

Umda wokufuduka kwe-EU formaldehyde we-15 mg/kg usebenza xa imveliso ivavanywa kusetyenziswa ii-simulants zokutya ezichazwe kwiUmmiselo we-EU 1935/2004kunye neemeko zethu zovavanyo ezichazwe kuthotho lwe-EN 1186. Kwiimveliso ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo zokutya, uvavanyo ludla ngokuqhutywa ngee-simulants zokutya ezinamanzi kunye namafutha ukuze kugqitywe uluhlu olupheleleyo lweemeko ezinokubakho zokudibana kokutya.I-German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)inika izimvo kunye neengcebiso zesayensi ezongezelelweyo ezihlala zinika ulwazi kwiingcaciso ezigcina ingqiqo zale mida.

Kwiibhodi zokusika ze-bamboo, umngcipheko we-formaldehyde uvela ikakhulu kwi-glue esetyenziswa kwi-lamination, kungekhona kwizinto ze-bamboo ngokwazo. Ukusebenzisa ii-glue ezikumgangatho wokutya kususa lo mngcipheko kumthombo.

Uvavanyo lokuFuduka kweeMpahla kwiimveliso ezifakwe iLacquered kunye neVarnished

Iimveliso ezininzi zekhitshi ezenziwe ngomthi zifumana iingubo zomphezulu ukuphucula inkangeleko nokuqina. Ezi ngubo zizisa iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zokuthobela imithetho njengemithombo enokubakho yokufuduka kweekhemikhali.

Sivavanya iimveliso zethu ezigqunywe ngepeyinti sisebenzisa iindlela ezimiselweyo.

Uvavanyo lokuFuduka kweCoating ye-EU

Kwi-EU, izixhobo zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi ezigqunywe ngemiqamelo kufuneka zivavanyelwe ukufuduka ngokubanzi ngokwe-EN 1186-1, echaza iindlela zovavanyo, iisimulants, kunye neemeko. Umda wokufuduka ngokubanzi we-10 mg/dm2 usebenza kubungakanani bezinto ezifudukayo ukusuka kumphezulu wokugquma. Ukongeza ekufudukeni ngokubanzi, uvavanyo oluthile lokufuduka luyafuneka kwizinto ezinemida yokufuduka nganye nganye, ezifana ne-formaldehyde, iimetal ezinzima (i-lead, i-cadmium, i-chromium), kunye nee-aromatic amines eziphambili.Iimveliso zabathengi be-Intertekicandelo kunye nezinye iilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo ziqhuba olu vavanyo zisebenzisa iindlela ezimiselweyo eziqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo ziyaphindaphindwa kwaye ziyathelekiswa.

Uvavanyo lwe-FDA Coating Extracts

Phantsi kwe-FDA 21 CFR 175.300, ii-coating ziyavavanywa ukuze kujongwe izinto ezikhuphayo kusetyenziswa izinyibilikisi ezilinganisa ukutya ezifanelekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwemveliso yethu. Imida yee-coating iyahluka ngokusekwe kuhlobo lokutya: amanzi acociweyo okutya okumanzi, i-8% ye-ethanol yokutya okunxilisayo, kunye ne-n-heptane okanye ezinye ii-fatty food simulants zokutya okunamafutha. Iimeko zovavanyo, kuquka ubushushu kunye nobude bexesha, zichazwe ngokusekwe kwiimeko ezicetywayo zokusetyenziswa kwemveliso. Kwiibhodi zokusika ezinokusetyenziswa nokutya okushushu, kufuneka uvavanyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ii-coating zethu ezizimeleyo zenziwe kwaye zavavanywa ukuze zihlangabezane nemida yethu engqongqo yee-coating kuzo zonke iindidi zokutya, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemveliso zethu nokuba zeziphi na izicelo zazo zokusetyenziswa. Abathumeli bethu banokucela i-amaxwebhu okuthobela umthethokwimigca ethile yemveliso.

Uluhlu lokuHlola amaxwebhu abathumeli be-EU kunye ne-US

Abangenisi banoxanduva olusemthethweni lokuqinisekisa ukuba izitya zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi abazizisa kwimarike ye-EU okanye yase-US ziyahambelana nayo yonke imigaqo efanelekileyo yezinto zokunxibelelana nokutya. Ukugcina iphakheji epheleleyo neyangoku yamaxwebhu kubalulekile ekuboniseni ukuthotyelwa kwegunya lokubeka esweni kwemarike kunye nokukhusela kwizenzo zokunyanzeliswa ezinokubakho.

Amaxwebhu asixhenxe abalulekileyo

Amaphepha eDatha yoKhuseleko lweMpahla (MSDS) yazo zonke izinto ezikrwada kuquka iintlobo zeenkuni, uqalo, izincamathelisi, iingubo, kunye nezinto ezigqityiweyo. La maxwebhu achaza ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kwento nganye kunye nazo naziphi na izinto eziyingozi ezikhoyo.
Iingxelo zoVavanyo lokuFuduka ezivela kwiilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo (LFGB, FDA 21 CFR, okanye zombini), ezigubungela ukufuduka ngokubanzi, ukufuduka kwe-formaldehyde, kunye nokufuduka okuthile kwazo naziphi na izinto ezithintelweyo ezichongiweyo kulwakhiwo lwezinto.
Isibhengezo se-EU sokuVumelana (i-DoC) kwiimarike zaseYurophu, siqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahambelana noMgaqo-nkqubo 1935/2004 kunye nayo nayiphi na imiqathango ethile esebenzayo. I-DoC kufuneka ichonge imveliso, umenzi, imigaqo yethu efanelekileyo, kunye neengxelo zovavanyo apho isibhengezo sisekelwe khona.
Isatifikethi se-FSC Chain of Custody ukuba imveliso ithengiswa njengevela kwimveliso ezinzileyo. Isatifikethi sethu se-FSC siquka iimveliso zomthi, ze-bamboo, kunye nephepha phantsi kwe-FSC-STD-40-004 v. 3.0.
Ingxelo yoPhicotho lweMveliso eqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweendlela ezilungileyo zokuvelisa (i-GMP) njengoko kuchaziwe kwiMimiselo ye-EU ka-2023/2006. Le ngxelo kufuneka igubungele iinkqubo zemveliso, iinkqubo zokulawula umgangatho, kunye neenkqubo zokulandelelwa.
Amaphepha eeNkcukacha zeMveliso aneenkcazo ezineenkcukacha zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ubukhulu, iimeko zokusetyenziswa ezicetywayo, kunye nayo nayiphi na idatha yobugcisa efanelekileyo. La maphepha asebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwemveliso yomenzi kunye neerekhodi zokuthobela imithetho zomthumeli.
Iingxelo zoVavanyo lweZinto eziThintelweyo kwiimetali ezinzima, iiphthalates, iidayi ze-azo, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izinto ezithintelweyo phantsi kwe-EU REACH, iCalifornia Proposition 65, okanye eminye imimiselo esebenzayo kwiimarike ezijoliswe kubathengi bethu.

Sigcina iipakethe zamaxwebhu ezipheleleyo kuzo zonke iimveliso zethu kwaye sizihlaziya rhoqo ngonyaka ukuze zibonise naluphi na utshintsho kwimigaqo okanye ekufumaneni izinto. Iqela lethu lomgangatho lisebenza neelabhoratri ezivunyiweyo kuqukaI-Bureau Veritaskunye ne-Intertek ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingxelo zethu zovavanyo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zeemarike ezifuna kakhulu.

Ukukhetha iiLabhoratri zoVavanyo eziVunyiweyo

Ukuthembeka kwamaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho kuxhomekeke ekuqinisekisweni kwelebhu. Amagunya okujonga imarike anika ingqalelo enkulu kwiingxelo ezivela kwiilebhu ezaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela.

Sisebenzisana neelabhoratri ezivunyiweyo kwiingxelo zethu zovavanyo.

Yintoni Omele Uyijonge Kwiqabane Lovavanyo

Xa bekhetha ilabhoratri yokuvavanya izixhobo zokudibanisa ukutya, abangenisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ilabhoratri inesiqinisekiso se-ISO 17025 seendlela ezithile zovavanyo ezifunekayo, inamava ngodidi lwemveliso oluvavanywayo (izixhobo zasekhitshini zomthi zifuna ukulungiswa kwesampulu ekhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuvavanya), inika iingxelo zovavanyo ezicacileyo nezineenkcukacha ezibandakanya zonke iiparameter zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo (i-simulant, ubushushu, ubude, ubukhulu besampulu), kwaye inokukhupha iingxelo ngendlela eyamkelweyo ziigunya zolawulo kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo ngumngenisi. Kwiimveliso ezijoliswe kwiimarike ze-EU kunye ne-US, ukukhetha ilabhoratri enokukhupha iingxelo ezihlangabezana neemfuno ze-LFGB kunye ne-FDA kwinkqubo yovavanyo enye kunciphisa iindleko kwaye kwenza kube lula ulawulo lwamaxwebhu.

Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo Zokuthobela Imithetho Nendlela Yokuziphepha

Kwanabangenisi abanamava banokuwela kwimigibe yokuthobela imithetho ekhokelela ekulibazisekeni okubiza kakhulu, ukwaliwa kwemveliso, okanye ukurhoxiswa kwemarike. Sifumene imigibe yethu eqhelekileyo ngamava ethu okusebenzela abangenisi kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30.

Inkqubo yethu esemgangathweni ijongana neengxaki ezivela kumava ethu okuthumela ngaphandle.

Ukuvavanya Izinto Ezingasetyenzwa Kuphela

Sibona impazamo eqhelekileyo: ukuvavanya kuphela izinto zomthi okanye ze-bamboo ngaphandle kokufaka i-glue yethu, i-coating, kunye ne-finish kwisampulu yovavanyo. Ukuthobela ukuhambelana kokutya kusebenza kwimveliso yethu egqityiweyo njengoko iza kusetyenziswa, kungekhona kwizinto ezikrwada zodwa. Ibhodi yokusika edlula uvavanyo lokufuduka kwe-formaldehyde njenge-bamboo engenanto inokungaphumeleli xa ivavanywa kunye ne-glue kunye nee-coating layers ezikhoyo. Sivavanya iimveliso zethu ezigqityiweyo, kungekhona nje izinto zethu ezikrwada.

Ukungayinaki iMfuneko yeLizwe elithile

Nangona uvavanyo lwe-LFGB ngokubanzi luhlangabezana neemfuno zawo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU, amanye amazwe aneemfuno ezongezelelweyo zelizwe. IFransi, umzekelo, ineemfuno ezithile zezinto ezinxibelelana nokutya ezidlula isakhelo sethu se-EU ngokubanzi. I-Itali neSpain nazo zinezibonelelo zelizwe ezinokusebenza kwiindidi ezithile zemveliso. Abangenisi kufuneka baphande ngeemfuno zethu ezithile zemarike nganye ekujoliswe kuyo endaweni yokucinga ukuba ukuthobela imithetho ye-EU ngokubanzi kwanele.

Iingxelo zovavanyo eziphelelwe lixesha

Ukusebenzisa iingxelo zovavanyo ezineminyaka eliqela ubudala kunokuba yingxaki ukuba umenzi wethu utshintshe ababoneleli bezinto eziluhlaza, iifomyula zokuncamathelisa, okanye iinkqubo zokugquma ukususela oko kwaqhutywa uvavanyo. Sicebisa ukuba abathumeli bamazwe baqinisekise nomthengisi wabo ukuba ulwakhiwo lwemveliso yethu alutshintshanga ukususela oko kwakhutshwa iingxelo zovavanyo, kwaye bagcine ishedyuli yokuvavanywa kwakhona rhoqo.

Indima yeSiqinisekiso se-FSC kwiSicwangciso sokuthobela imithetho

Isatifikethi se-FSC siyimfuneko enkulu kwimarike kwiindawo zokuthengisa zaseYurophu, apho iinkampani ezifana ne-Aldi, i-Lidl, kunye ne-Carrefour zizibophelela kwiimveliso ezifumaneka ngokuzinzileyo. Nangona singathethi ngokuthe ngqo ngokhuseleko lokuqhagamshelana nokutya, i-FSC idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisicwangciso sokuthobela yonke imithetho.

ZethuIsatifikethi se-FSC Chain of CustodyIgubungela ukuthengwa kwethu kunye nokuthengiswa kweemveliso zomthi, uqalo, kunye nephepha phantsi kwe-FSC-STD-40-004 v. 3.0, kwaye isiqinisekiso sethu seGlobal Recycled Standard (GRS) songeza umaleko owongezelelweyo wokuqinisekiswa kwekhonkco lokubonelela. Kwabangenisi, ezi ziqinisekiso zibonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokuba izinto ezikwimveliso zinokulandelwa zibuyele kumthombo wazo, oxhasa iimfuno zoxwebhu lwezinto zeenkqubo zokuthobela i-LFGB kunye ne-FDA. Ukudibana kovavanyo lokunxibelelana kokutya kunye nesiqinisekiso sozinzo kudala iphakheji epheleleyo yokuthobela ejongana neenkxalabo zokhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kovavanyo lwe-LFGB kunye ne-FDA lokudibana nokutya kwiimpahla zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi?

I-LFGB yiKhowudi yoKutya nokuTya yaseJamani (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch), ebeka eminye yemigangatho engqongqo yezinto zokunxibelelana kokutya kwiManyano yaseYurophu. Kwizinto zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi, uvavanyo lwe-LFGB lugxile ekufudukeni kwe-formaldehyde, imida yokufuduka iyonke, kunye novavanyo lweemvakalelo (ivumba kunye nokudluliselwa kwencasa). Ukuthobela i-FDA e-United States kulawulwa nguMthetho wezoKutya, amayeza, kunye neCosmetic Federal, onemigaqo ethile phantsi kwe-21 CFR Parts 175-178 egubungela izongezo zokutya ezingathanga ngqo kubandakanya izinto zokugquma, izincamathelisi, kunye neepolymers ezinokudibana nokutya. Umahluko ophambili kukuba i-LFGB isebenzisa umda omnye wokufuduka we-10 mg/dm2 kuzo zonke izinto zokunxibelelana kokutya, ngelixa i-FDA ivavanya izinto ngokwemeko nganye ngokusebenzisa iZaziso zoNxibelelwano lokuTya okanye i-Threshold of Regulation exemptions. Kwabangenisi abathumela izinto kwamanye amazwe kwiimarike zombini, sicebisa uvavanyo ngokuchasene nemigangatho ye-LFGB kunye ne-FDA ngaxeshanye ukuze kuthintelwe iindleko zovavanyo eziphindaphindwayo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuthotyelwa kuzo zombini iindawo.

Zithini iimingcele zokufuduka kwe-formaldehyde kwiibhodi zokusika iinkuni phantsi kwe-LFGB?

Phantsi kwe-LFGB kunye nesakhelo esibanzi se-EU Regulation 1935/2004, ukufuduka kwe-formaldehyde ukusuka kwizixhobo zasekhitshini zomthi akufuneki kudlule imida ethile xa kuvavanywa ngokwemigangatho ye-EN 1186. Kwizinto zomthi ezenzelwe ukudibana nokutya, umda wokufuduka kwe-formaldehyde uhlala ubekwe kwi-15 mg/kg ye-food simulant, ehambelana neemfuno ze-EU Directive 2023/1435. I-German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) inika iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo ezihlala zingqongqo kuneemfuno ze-EU. Kwiibhodi zokusika ze-bamboo kunye nezomthi, i-formaldehyde inokubakho kwiiglu ezisetyenziswa ngexesha le-lamination okanye kwiingubo zomphezulu. Sivavanya zonke iibhodi zethu zokusika ngokuchasene nemida ye-EU kunye neengcebiso ze-BfR ezingqongqo, siqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zethu ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zeemarike zaseYurophu ezifuna kakhulu. Abangenisi kufuneka bacele iingxelo zovavanyo lokufuduka kwe-formaldehyde ezenziwa ziilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo besebenzisa ii-simulants zethu zokutya ezithile ezifanelekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwemveliso yabo.

Ngaba iibhodi zokusika ze-bamboo zifuna imvume ye-FDA ukuze zithengiswe eMelika?

Iibhodi zokusika iibhambu azidingi mvume ye-FDA ngaphambi kokuba zithengiswe, kodwa kufuneka zithobele imigaqo ye-FDA yezinto ezidibana nokutya. Phantsi kwe-21 CFR 170.39, izixhobo eziqatshelwa njengezo zikhuselekileyo (GRAS) zokusetyenziswa kokunxibelelana kokutya azidingi Isaziso Sokunxibelelana Nokutya. Nangona kunjalo, iibhodi zokusika iibhambu ezisebenzisa izincamathelisi, ii-coating, okanye ii-finishes kufuneka zithobele imigaqo esebenzayo kwi-21 CFR Parts 175 (izongezo zokutya ezingathanga ngqo: izincamathelisi kunye nezinto ezidibanisa ii-coating) kunye ne-176 (izongezo zokutya ezingathanga ngqo: izinto zephepha kunye nebhodi yephepha). Umngenisi unoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, okuhlala kubandakanya ukufumana iingxelo zovavanyo kwiilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo ezibonisa ukuba imveliso ayidluliseli izinto ezinobungozi ekutyeni phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa. Sinikezela ngamaxwebhu apheleleyo okuthobela imithetho yazo zonke iimveliso zethu zasekhitshini ezikhuselekileyo zokutya ezithunyelwa kwimarike yase-US, kubandakanya iingxelo zovavanyo ezijongana neemfuno ze-FDA 21 CFR.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo zokufuduka kwengubo ezifunekayo kwikhitshini eyenziwe ngomthi elastiki okanye evarnished?

Izitya zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi ezifakwe ilacquer okanye ezivarnished zifuna uvavanyo lokufuduka kwe-coating phantsi kwe-LFGB kunye ne-FDA frameworks. Kwi-EU, uvavanyo lwethu oluphambili luvavanyo lokufuduka oluqhutywa ngokwe-EN 1186-1, olulinganisa inani lilonke lezinto ezifuduka zisuka kwi-coating ziye kwi-food simulants (ngesiqhelo amanzi acocekileyo, i-3% ye-acetic acid, i-10% ye-ethanol, kunye ne-olive oil) phantsi kwexesha elichaziweyo kunye neemeko zobushushu. Umda wokufuduka uwonke yi-10 mg/dm2. Ukongeza, uvavanyo oluthile lokufuduka kwezinto ezixhalabisayo, ezifana ne-formaldehyde, i-heavy metals, kunye ne-primary aromatic amines, luyafuneka. Phantsi kwe-FDA 21 CFR 175.300, i-coating kufuneka ihlangabezane nemida yokukhupha izinto eyahluka ngokusekwe kuhlobo lokutya (olumanzi, olune-asidi, olunxilisayo, okanye olunamafutha) kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa ezicetywayo (ubushushu, ixesha lokudibana). Kwiimveliso zethu, sisebenzisa i-coating esekelwe emanzini eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-LFGB kunye ne-FDA, kwaye sinikezela ngeengxelo zovavanyo ezivela kwiilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo kwibhetshi nganye yemveliso.

Ngawaphi amaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho afanele acelwe ngabathumeli be-EU abavela kubathengisi bezinto zasekhitshini zomthi baseTshayina?

Abangenisi be-EU kufuneka bacele iphakheji epheleleyo yamaxwebhu kubathengisi babo baseTshayina bezinto zasekhitshini zomthi egubungela ukhuseleko lwezinto, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokulandeleka kwekhonkco lokubonelela. Amaxwebhu abalulekileyo aquka: (1) Amaphepha edatha yokhuseleko lwezinto kuzo zonke izinto eziluhlaza kubandakanya umthi, uqalo, izincamathelisi, iingubo, kunye nokugqitywa; (2) Iingxelo zovavanyo lwe-LFGB ezivela kwiilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo ezifana ne-SGS, i-Intertek, okanye i-Bureau Veritas, ezigubungela ukufuduka ngokubanzi, ukufuduka kwe-formaldehyde, kunye nokufuduka okuthile kwezinto ezithintelweyo; (3) I-EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC) eqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa koMgaqo 1935/2004 kunye nayo nayiphi na imiqathango ethile esebenzayo efana noMgaqo 10/2011 wezinto zeplastiki; (4) Isatifikethi se-FSC Chain of Custody ukuba imveliso ithengiswa njengevela ngokuzinzileyo; (5) Iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi zasefektri eziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweendlela ezilungileyo zokuvelisa (GMP) njengoko kuchaziwe kuMgaqo 2023/2006; (6) Amaphepha enkcazo yemveliso aneemveliso ezineenkcukacha; kunye (7) Iingxelo zovavanyo lwezinto ezithile ezithintelweyo ezifana neentsimbi ezinzima, ii-phthalates, kunye needayi ze-azo. Sigcina iipakethe zamaxwebhu ezipheleleyo zazo zonke iimveliso zethu kwaye singazibonelela abathumeli bethu baseYurophu xa beceliwe.

Uvavanyo lokuthobela imithetho yezixhobo zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi kufuneka luhlaziywe kangaphi?

Uvavanyo lokuthobela imithetho yezinto zasekhitshini ezenziwe ngomthi kufuneka luhlaziywe nanini na xa kukho utshintsho kuyilo lwemveliso yethu, ukwakheka kwezinto, inkqubo yokuvelisa, okanye umthengisi wezinto eziluhlaza. Nokuba akukho tshintsho, sicebisa ukuhlaziywa rhoqo ngonyaka kovavanyo lokuthobela imithetho ukuze kujongwe umahluko onokubakho kumgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza kwaye kuhlale kusexesheni ngokweemfuno zomthetho eziguqukayo. Kwiimveliso ezithunyelwa kwi-EU, umngenisi unoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho okuqhubekayo, kwaye amagunya okujonga imarike angacela iingxelo zovavanyo ezihlaziyiweyo nangaliphi na ixesha. E-United States, nangona kungekho mfuneko yokuhlaziya esemthethweni, i-FDA ilindele ukuba izixhobo zokunxibelelana nokutya ziqhubeke nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo kulo lonke ixesha labo lemarike. Sigcina ishedyuli yovavanyo lwazo zonke iimveliso zethu equka ukuhlaziywa rhoqo ngonyaka kweengxelo zovavanyo eziphambili, kunye novavanyo olongezelelweyo olubangelwa lutshintsho kwikhonkco lethu lokubonelela okanye iinkqubo zemveliso. Le ndlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba abangenisi bethu bahlala benamaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho akhoyo.

Ngaba iimveliso ze-bamboo eziqinisekiswe yi-FSC zingenza lula inkqubo yokuthobela i-LFGB okanye i-FDA?

Isatifikethi se-FSC asiyilulanga ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yokuthobela i-LFGB okanye i-FDA, njengoko ezi satifikethi zijongana nemiba eyahlukeneyo yemveliso. Isatifikethi se-FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) siqinisekisa ukuba izinto zomthi okanye ze-bamboo zivela kumahlathi alawulwa ngokuthembekileyo kwaye uthotho lokugcinwa lugcinwa kulo lonke uthotho lokubonelela. Ukuthobela i-LFGB kunye ne-FDA, kwelinye icala, kugxile kukhuseleko lokutya kunye neempawu zokufuduka kweekhemikhali zemveliso egqityiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, isatifikethi se-FSC sinokuxhasa ngokungathanga ngqo inkqubo yokuthobela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, ababoneleli abaqinisekisiweyo be-FSC badla ngokuba neendlela zokubhala amaxwebhu ezingcono kunye neetyunithi zokubonelela ezicacileyo, okwenza kube lula ukulandelela imvelaphi yezinto kunye nokufumana idatha yezinto eziluhlaza ezifunekayo kuvavanyo lokunxibelelana kokutya. Okwesibini, inkqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-FSC idla ngokudibana neemfuno zenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho, ezinokuxhasa iindlela ezilungileyo zokuvelisa ezifunekayo phantsi koMgaqo we-EU ka-2023/2006. Okwesithathu, isatifikethi se-FSC songeza ixabiso lemarike, ngakumbi kwiindlela zokuthengisa zaseYurophu apho iziqinisekiso zokuqina zichaphazela izigqibo zokuthenga. Isatifikethi sethu se-FSC, kunye novavanyo lwethu lokunxibelelana kokutya, sinika abangenisi iziqinisekiso zokuqina kunye nokhuseleko.

Qaphela: Iimveliso zethu zeYAWEN zenziwe kwindawo yethu eqinisekisiweyo. Sivavanya zonke iimveliso zethu ngokuchasene nemigangatho ye-LFGB kunye ne-FDA. Sinikezela ngamaxwebhu ethu apheleleyo okuthobela imithetho kubathumeli bethu. Nxibelelana neqela lethu malunga neemfuno zakho zokuthobela imithetho.

URay Zhang

Umanejala wokuThumela ngaphandle eNingbo Yawen International Trading Co., Ltd.

Ngamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kushishino lokuthumela izinto zasekhitshini ngaphandle, uRay ulawula iinkqubo zokuthobela imithetho kunye neziqinisekiso zeYAWEN kwiimarike kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eMelika, eJapan naseOstreliya. Usebenzisana ngokusondeleyo neelabhoratri zovavanyo ezivunyiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimveliso zeYAWEN ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko lokutya zabathengi bethu behlabathi. URay unesidanga kwiRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe kwiYunivesithi yaseNingbo kwaye ugqibe uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwimigaqo yokunxibelelana kokutya.

Nxibelelana noRay Ifomu yoPhando

Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-21-2026